Lakes produce some of the largest fish in the world. When you look at the record books for IGFA world-class and state records, lakes are common locations for giants across a number of different species. From small bodies of water to the Great Lakes and beyond, these rich and diverse ecosystems offer exciting opportunities for anglers.

You can catch big fish in lakes with any number of tactics but your choice of lake fishing bait is key. Utilizing real bait is one of the most time-tested and proven means of hooking a big one! Read on to learn more about some of the best baits for different species. We’ll also learn about the ecosystems and bait fishing styles that will help you find your next record. Let’s dive in!
What makes a good bait for lake fishing?
Most fishing techniques play on the instincts of the fish. They attempt to elicit a predatory or territorial strike, or simply want to imitate a natural food source. When speaking of artificials, plastics, wood, feathers, and any other materials are used on lures, jigs, and fly patterns to imitate natural bait fish, worms, insects, crayfish, and more.

When it comes to bait, you’re circumventing the world of artificial lures in favor of using the real thing. The best baits are those that are actually available in the specific lake you’re fishing. Minnows, crayfish, and other natural baits are highly effective.
The best baits play on the olfactory senses of the fish. They have the right smell, profile, and action to offer an attractive food source for the species of target. Dead or alive, the real thing is hard to beat!
Most Common Baits for Lake Fishing
Your choice of bait when lake fishing can range from old cheese for Catfish to live minnows. Here’s a sampling of the most common and effective baits used to catch a wide range of species.
Live Baits

Throw on a fresh crayfish or thread a hook through live minnow to capture both the action and scent of natural food sources. You are literally using the real thing, and live baits are extremely effective. However, they’re also more difficult to procure and maintain.
Some of the most common and easiest live baits to manage are worms. For something extremely simple and easy to rig, consider fishing nightcrawlers. Live grasshoppers and other terrestrial insects will also get the job done.
Dead Bait
If you want the natural smell and texture of natural food sources without the hassle of sourcing live options, try dead baits. In many places, catching suckers and cutting the meat into strips before freezing makes for an easily accessible bait. Of course, you can always cut a hunk of fish meat or run hooks through whole dead crayfish and minnows in the field for quality dead bait.
Keep in mind that chicken, liver, and other mammal parts can work as dead bait for species like Catfish, Pike, Musky. Cured fish eggs are another fantastic dead bait to consider.
Artificial Baits

Certain lures offer many of the same advantages as baits with the convenience of being packaged rather than frozen or kept in a livewell. Soft plastics are the primary style of lure I consider to fall within the bait family. Many have slow-release scents and actions that closely resemble live minnows and other food sources.
Other artificial concoctions include power baits and the various puddy-style canned baits on the market. You can also combine lures with natural baits. Baiting jig hooks and other slow-retrieve lures is a great way to fish.
Best Lake Fishing Baits per Species
When it comes to species, the options are endless for bait anglers in lake ecosystems. With the right combinations of biomass, oxygen, biodiversity, and clean water, a whole number of species thrive in lakes. The climate zones, water temperatures and exact conditions tend to dictate which species are most prolific in any given lake.
Here’s a rundown of the preferences of some of the most common fish in the sportfishing world:
Pike & Musky

Some of the favorite lake-dwelling species are the most voracious and aggressive. Both Pike and Musky have quite a range with population strongholds in the midwest and northern regions of North America.
Both are susceptible to live and dead baits. They have sensitive olfactory systems with the ability to smell, and they’re attracted to the scent of natural baits. While some artificial lures have added scents, the real thing is best. It’s especially effective while fishing for these species through the ice in winter months.
Trout & Char Species

The wide range of species in this category makes for an exciting bunch to chase. Lake Trout can grow to enormous sizes, as can Arctic Char and even Brook Trout in lakes. Many of the largest Rainbow and Brown Trout ever caught are also the products of lake systems.
Pretty much every species of Trout live in a lake somewhere and they’ll eat all kinds of baits under the right conditions.
Bass

We all know that Largemouth Bass live in lakes and reservoirs where they can reach large sizes. Smallmouth Bass also occupy numerous lake systems where some of the records have been caught. These species have some crossover into moving waters but they absolutely love lakes and are a prime candidate for making use of some of the baits we mentioned above.
Salmon

You might be surprised to learn that some lakes have multiple Salmon species. Kokanee Salmon are a landlocked Sockeye found in cold water lakes throughout the western United States. They’re vulnerable to both lures and baits, and are absolutely delicious.
In some places, landlocked King Salmon offer a unique lake fishing opportunity. They generally swim in very large lake systems like the Great Lakes and Fort Peck in Montana and can reach sizes well over 30 pounds in the right conditions.
Walleye

You won’t find many freshwater fish that make for such great table fare as Walleye. They’re prolific in coldwater lake systems, they fight hard, and are notoriously difficult to hook. Baits are among the best approaches because the fish hold it longer and deeper, making it possible to get the hook set. I love fishing for Walleye with baits, especially when I’m looking to keep a few larger fish.
Catfish

Catfish live in dark, murky waters and they’re especially dependent on their olfactory systems to smell out food. Bait is the perfect match for anyone chasing Catfish. For a fish that lives in murky waters, they happen to have some of the best-tasting meat of any freshwater species in my opinion.
Crappie, Perch, & Sunfish

The collection of species here are most common in warm water fisheries, although Crappie and Perch do cross over into cold water systems as well (where they grow quite large). Some of these fish are especially delicious and they are all fun to catch. Lightweight and sensitive tackle is the name of the game. As with Walleye, bait is a great option to help secure better hooksets.
Best Lake Fishing Baits FAQs
Will you use bait on your next lake fishing trip?

While there are plenty of convenient lure options that require little maintenance, baits are just too hard to pass up. If you’re looking to find a monster in the depths of a lake, pull out your best bait options and hold on tight. Of course, you should always check the regulations first because certain baits are regulated in many regions and specific bodies of water.
As ever, experiment with a bunch of different baits and find what suits you best. At the end of the day it’s as much about your personal preference as much as the fish’s!
What baits work best for you when fishing in lakes? We’d love to hear about your go-to options for catching big fish. Share in the comments below!